Installation of Arduino was never been difficult or confusing,
here we will be learning how to install and set up the Arduino IDE. Once we
install and set up Arduino IDE, we will be ready to upload our program on the
Arduino board.
In this we will learn in easy steps how to set up the
Arduino IDE on your computer and prepare your Arduino board to flush the code
via USB cable.
Before we start installation process, we need some
components or things required for the installation process. So the requirement
are as follows,
1.Arduino Board: Here, we will be using the Arduino
UNO R3 Board. You can use different Arduino board like Mega, Leonardo, Lilypad,
Nano or any other board as you like.
2.USB Cable: Here, we will be using the Type-A to
Type-B 2.0 USB Cable which is compatible with Arduino UNO R3. But you can use different
USB Cable which is compatible with your Arduino Board.
3.Arduino IDE: We will use this software to code
for Arduino and upload it in the board.
4.Computer: We need a computer system for
programming the code for the Arduino.
This is all what we need for installing Arduino in our
system. Now let’s start the process for installing the Arduino in our system.
1.Step – 1: Download Arduino IDE Software
You can get different versions of Arduino IDE from the Download
page on the Arduino Official website. You must select your software, which
is compatible with your operating system (Windows, IOS, or Linux).
2.Step – 2: Power Up Your Board
The Arduino Uno automatically draw power from either, the USB connection to the
computer or an external power supply.
Connect the Arduino board to your computer using the USB cable. The green power
LED (labeled PWR/ON) should glow.
3.Step – 3: Launch Arduino IDE
After your Arduino IDE software is downloaded, you need to unzip the folder.
Inside the folder, you can find the application icon with an infinity label
(application.exe). Double-click the icon to start the IDE.
4.Step – 4: Open New Project
You can create new project by 2 ways:
a.You can select New in File and then you can open
your new Project.
b.You can click/press CTRL+N and then you can open
your new project.
5.Step – 5: Open Existing Project
To open an existing project example, select:
File → Example → Basics → Blink.
6.Step – 6: Select Your Arduino Board
Go to Tools → Board and select your board.
7.Step – 7: Select Your Serial Port
Go to Tools → Serial Port menu. This is likely to be COM3 or
higher (COM1 and COM2 are usually reserved for hardware serial ports).
8.Step – 8: Upload the Program to Your Board
Simply click the "Upload" button in the environment. Wait a few
seconds; you will see the RX and TX LEDs on the board, flashing. If the upload
is successful, the message "Done uploading" will appear in the status
bar.
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Before getting started with the Arduino, we should know
different components which are present on Arduino Board and their
functionalities or uses.
Here we will be using Arduino UNO R3 Board because it is the
most popular Arduino Board among the users and in Arduino Board Family. And
this is the best board to get started with Arduino, electronics and coding.
Some of the Arduino Boards look differently from one another but most of them
have common components present.
Basically, we need to know about 17 components which are
present on Arduino Board, and those are as follows,
1.USB (Power Supply): (1)Arduino board can be powered
by using the USB cable from your computer. All we need to do is just connect
the USB cable to the USB connection of Arduino Board and Computer system. The
Arduino Board will automatically draw power from the computer system.
2.Barrel
Jack (Power Supply): (2)Arduino boards can be powered directly from the AC mains power supply by
connecting it to the Barrel Jack using some AC Adapter or Battery as well.
3.Voltage Regulator: (3)
The function of the voltage regulator is to control the voltage given to the
Arduino board and stabilize the DC voltages used by the processor and other
elements. This helps in damage reduction.
4.Crystal Oscillator: (4)
The crystal oscillator helps Arduino in dealing with time issues. How does
Arduino calculate time? The answer is, by using the crystal oscillator. The
number printed on top of the Arduino crystal is 16.000H9H. It tells us that the
frequency is 16,000,000 Hertz or 16 MHz.
5.RESET (Restart/Reset Arduino): (5,17)
You can reset your Arduino board, i.e., start your program from the beginning.
You can reset the UNO board in two ways. First, by using the reset button (17)
on the board. Second, you can connect an external reset button to the Arduino
pin labelled RESET (5).
6.Pins (3.3, 5, GND, Vin): (6,7,8,9)
a.3.3V
(6) − Supply 3.3 output volt
b.5V
(7) − Supply 5 output volt
c.GND
(8)(Ground) − There are several GND pins on the Arduino, any of which can be
used to ground your circuit.
d.Vin
(9) − This pin also can be used to power the Arduino board from an external
power source, like AC mains power supply.
7.Analog
Pins: (10)The Arduino UNO board has six analog input pins A0 through A5. These
pins can read the signal from an analog sensor like the humidity sensor or
temperature sensor and convert it into a digital value that can be read by the
microprocessor. It helps in reading discrete value of sensors.
8.Microcontroller (Main): (11)Each Arduino board has its own
microcontroller (11). You can assume it as the brain of your board. The main IC
(integrated circuit) on the Arduino is slightly different from board to board.
The microcontrollers are usually of the ATMEL Company. You must know what IC
your board has before loading up a new program from the Arduino IDE. This
information is available on the top of the IC. For more details about the IC
construction and functions, you can refer to the data sheet.
9.ICSP Pin: (12)
Mostly, ICSP (12) is an AVR, a tiny programming header for the Arduino
consisting of MOSI, MISO, SCK, RESET, VCC, and GND. It is often referred to as
an SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface), which could be considered as an
"expansion" of the output. Actually, you are slaving the output
device to the master of the SPI bus.
10.Power LED: (13)
This LED should light up when you plug your Arduino into a power source to
indicate that your board is powered up correctly. If this light does not turn
on, then there is something wrong with the connection or with the Arduino
Board.
11.TX and RX LEDs: (14)
On your board, you will find two labels: TX (transmit) and RX (receive). They
appear in two places on the Arduino UNO board. First, at the digital pins 0 and
1, to indicate the pins responsible for serial communication. Second, the TX
and RX led (14). The TX led flashes with different speed while sending the
serial data. The speed of flashing depends on the baud rate used by the board.
RX flashes during the receiving process.
12.Digital I/O Pins: (15)
The Arduino UNO board has 14 digital I/O pins (15) (of which 6 provide PWM
(Pulse Width Modulation) output. These pins can be configured to work as input
digital pins to read logic values (0 or 1) or as digital output pins to drive
different modules like LEDs, relays, etc. The pins labeled “~” can be used to
generate PWM.
13.AREF: (16)
AREF stands for Analog Reference. It is sometimes, used to set an external
reference voltage (between 0 and 5 Volts) as the upper limit for the analog
input pins.
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Arduino Blink Example is one the most basic example in
Arduino Library. This is basically used for testing a particular Arduino
whether it is working correctly or not. It is most basic and very first example
which is taught in Arduino tutorials.
In this example, a LED which is embedded on the Arduino Board
starts blinking in the interval of 1 second. This LED can be found near Digit
Pin – 13. This LED is directly connected to Pin – 13, so we can directly access
this LED via Pin – 13.
Now, let’s check the code of the Blink Example and see how
it works.
This is the Blink Example Project which you can find in File->Examples->Basic->Blink.
This is the code which do all the magic in the Arduino
Board.
This block (function) of code defines different pin functionality
as INPUT or OUTPUT.
This LED_BUILTIN is nothing but the Pin – 13 built–in LED,
which can be directly accessed by Pin-13 itself.
This HIGH is nothing but ON or 1 (one) in Binary language
which means pass the current.
This LOW is nothing but OFF or 0 (zero) in Binary language
which means don’t pass the current.
Here we are waiting for 1000 ms which is equivalent to 1
second.
Like this the LED is ON for 1 second.
And like this the LED is OFF for 1 second.
This block (function) of code create a loop and make this ON
and OFF of LED continuous, which is visible us as LED BLINKING.
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